Prof. Michael Wilson and me at the ASTMH 2023 meeting in Chicago, IL, USA. I am grateful for the time we spent together discussing research and enjoying great conversations.
With an incredibly heavy heart, I reflect on the loss of my dear mentor, Professor (Prof) Michael David Wilson, Ph.D. of the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research at the University of Ghana. Prof. Wilson was not only one of the most respected figures in global parasitology, but he was also the embodiment of kindness, wisdom, and generosity.
My journey with Prof. Wilson began in 2013 when I met him during my Fogarty Global Health Fellowship. From the very start, his warmth and commitment were palpable. His welcoming nature—always inviting me for coffee or a chat in his office in Legon Campus in Accra—made me feel at home, even though I was an overseas visiting scientist. During my K01 IRSDA career development grant (2016-2021), he was my hosting mentor, guiding me through the complexities of global health research, specifically in parasitology and infectious diseases. He went out of his way to offer support and guidance, always trying to solve my challenges, especially during difficult times of securing research funding.
Prof. Wilson profoundly impacted tropical disease research globally with an impressive career spanning over 50 years. He dedicated his life to combating malaria, Buruli ulcer, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, hookworm, sickle cell disease, and many more. Furthermore, his work was not confined to the laboratory but extended into communities across West Africa and beyond, where his research directly impacted disease control and prevention efforts.
One example of his extraordinary accomplishments was his leadership in establishing the feasibility and development of the operational strategy to eliminate onchocerciasis transmission on the island of Bioko in Equatorial Guinea, a monumental task that showcased his brilliance as a scientist and a leader. His efforts in parasitology, from combating lymphatic filariasis to advancing the science of helminth infections, have saved countless lives and influenced the work of many global health professionals.
I fondly remember our last meeting at the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH) in Chicago in October 2023. We often shared lunches and dinners, discussing ways to secure funding and advance our collaboration. He was, as always, elegantly dressed in his traditional Ghanaian attire and, of course, always a gentleman, both in appearance and character. These shared moments are now treasured memories of a mentor who was more than just a professional guide; he was a friend.
Prof. Wilson’s presence commanded respect not just from his peers but also from his students, mentees, collaborators, and friends. He always had time to listen, offer advice, and provide mentorship with a genuine desire to see others succeed. His generosity of spirit, matched with his extraordinary intellect, made him irreplaceable in the global fight against infectious diseases.
I will miss our long conversations, his sharp insights, charm, and even the cigarette escapades we sometimes shared. He was a remarkable human being who dedicated his life to bettering the world, and I am eternally grateful for the time I spent learning from him. His legacy will continue to inspire all who had the privilege of knowing him.
Ghana, the global health community, and parasitology have lost a legendary icon. I have lost a mentor, a confidant, and a friend.
Rest in peace, Prof. Michael David Wilson. Your impact on this world is immeasurable, and your absence will be deeply felt. God bless you.
Scientific Collaboration with Prof. Michael Wilson: A Legacy of Research and Discovery
Throughout the years, I collaborated with Prof. Michael Wilson on numerous research projects that advanced our understanding of the intersections between malaria, sickle cell disease, and hemolytic disorders. Together, we explored how genetic and molecular factors influence disease outcomes, focusing on microRNAs, exosomal signaling, and inflammation. Prof. Wilson’s contributions to our work were invaluable, and his insights helped push the boundaries of tropical medicine and parasitology.
Here are some joint publications in recent years covering a wide range of critical topics:
Modulation of Heme-Induced Inflammation Using MicroRNA-Loaded Liposomes: In this recent publication, we investigated how microRNA-loaded liposomes could modulate heme-induced inflammation, offering potential therapeutic approaches for hemolytic disorders like malaria and sickle cell disease. Prof. Wilson’s expertise in parasitology and disease pathogenesis greatly enriched this work. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316934. PMCID: PMC10707194.
Sickle Cell Hemoglobin Genotypes and Malaria Parasite Growth: This study examined the effect of sickle cell hemoglobin genotypes on malaria parasite growth, correlating it with exosomal miR-451a and let-7i-5p levels. Prof. Wilson played a key role in understanding the complex interplay between malaria and hemoglobinopathies. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087546. PMCID: PMC10141851.
MicroRNA Profiles in Sickle Cell and Malaria Patients: We further explored the expression of miR-451a and let-7i-5p in individuals with different sickle cell genotypes and malaria, highlighting the critical role of exosomes in disease modulation. Prof. Wilson’s contributions were pivotal in clarifying this emerging field of study. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030500. PMCID: PMC8837188.
Attenuating Heme-Induced Inflammation: Our work also demonstrated how extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded with miR-451a and let-7i-5p could attenuate heme-induced inflammation in iPSC-derived endothelial cells, pointing towards novel anti-inflammatory strategies. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1082414. PMCID: PMC9815029.
Clinical Presentations and Malaria Burden in Sickle Cell Patients: We examined the clinical presentations and malaria burden in sickle cell patients in Ghana. Prof. Wilson’s deep knowledge of the local healthcare landscape and parasitological expertise was essential in contextualizing our findings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101045. PMCID: PMC8342910.
Inflammatory Response to Plasmodium Infection: Another important study we collaborated on focused on how hemoglobin genotypes modulate the inflammatory response to Plasmodium infection. Prof. Wilson’s work in parasitic disease control helped shape our understanding of the genetic factors involved in malaria susceptibility. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.593546. PMCID: PMC7786007.
Hematological Differences among Malaria Patients in Ghana: In this study, we investigated hematological differences between malaria patients in rural and urban Ghana. Prof. Wilson provided critical insights into local epidemiological trends and disease control strategies. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmw038. PMCID: PMC5141942.
CXCL10 Polymorphisms and Malaria Susceptibility: We explored the association between CXCL10 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to cerebral malaria. In this project, Prof. Wilson’s parasitology expertise and collaborative spirit were instrumental in uncovering genetic factors contributing to malaria pathogenesis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081329. PMCID: PMC3857834.
Through these joint efforts, Prof. Wilson’s vast experience and mentorship not only advanced our scientific understanding but also significantly impacted the careers of those he worked with. His legacy will live on through our research, and his contributions will continue to inspire future scientists.
A Legacy Remembered
Our scientific achievements and discoveries are a testament to Prof. Michael Wilson’s brilliance, but they represent only a fraction of his impact on the world. His kindness, generosity, and unwavering support touched the lives of everyone he encountered. Whether through his mentorship, collaborations, or friendships, he always found ways to uplift those around him.
I extend my deepest condolences to his family, friends, colleagues, and everyone who had the privilege of meeting him. His loss is profound not only for the scientific community, global health, and parasitology but also for all of us who knew him as the remarkable human being he was. May his soul rest in peace, and may his legacy continue to inspire us all.
Our vision is to harness the therapeutic potential of microRNAs, specifically miR-451a and let-7i-5p, to revolutionize the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hemolytic diseases such as SCD and malaria. By unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation in these conditions, we strive to pave the way for personalized medicine approaches that improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
Objectives
1. Investigate the Therapeutic Potential: We aim to elucidate the role of miR-451a and let-7i-5p in managing chronic inflammation in SCD. By exploring their regulation of heme-induced inflammation through the AKT/PI3K and JAK/STAT3 pathways, we seek to identify these microRNAs as promising therapeutic targets for mitigating inflammation-associated complications in SCD.
2. Biomarker Discovery: Our objective is to identify and validate exosomal miRNA biomarkers, particularly miR-451a and let-7i-5p, for SCD diagnosis and prognosis. Through functional studies on patient-derived cells and validation in a case-control patient cohort, we aim to establish these biomarkers as reliable indicators of disease progression and treatment response.
3. Impact Assessment: We endeavor to assess the effects of miR-451a and let-7i-5p on immune response using a humanized-hybrid sickle cell mouse model. By evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of these microRNAs in vivo, we aim to translate our findings into clinical applications that address the underlying mechanisms of inflammation in hemolytic diseases.
Collaborative Approach
Collaborating with esteemed experts such as Dr. Stiles at MSM, and Dr. Botchwey at GA-tech, Dr. Hood at University of Louisville, Prof. Wilson at the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research in the University of Ghana, we leverage interdisciplinary expertise to propel our research forward. By fostering collaborations with leading scientists and clinicians, we aim to synergize efforts and accelerate the translation of our discoveries from bench to bedside.
Contribution to Science
Our laboratory has made significant contributions to the understanding of SCD and malaria, elucidating the complex interplay between genetic factors, inflammation, and disease susceptibility. Through our comprehensive studies, we have identified inflammatory cytokines as potential biomarkers and explored novel therapeutic strategies, such as dietary interventions and microRNA-based therapies, for managing inflammation-associated complications in hemolytic diseases.
Impact
By advancing knowledge and developing innovative solutions, our research has the potential to transform clinical practice and improve the lives of individuals affected by hemoglobinopathies worldwide. Through our collaborative efforts and translational approach, we strive to make meaningful contributions to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of SCD and malaria, ultimately enhancing healthcare outcomes and reducing the global burden of these devastating diseases.
Global Health Engagement
At the forefront of our research endeavors lies a deep commitment to global health equity and collaboration. Recognizing the urgent need to address health disparities and challenges faced by vulnerable populations worldwide, our laboratory actively engages in initiatives aimed at advancing knowledge, building capacity, and improving health outcomes in low-resource settings.
Research Focus
Our research focuses on the intersection of hemoglobinopathies, particularly sickle cell disease (SCD), and malaria, two diseases that disproportionately affect populations in sub-Saharan Africa and other regions with limited access to healthcare resources. By investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases and exploring innovative interventions, we seek to alleviate suffering and improve the quality of life for individuals and communities affected by these conditions.
Capacity Building
Central to our global health mission is the belief in the power of capacity building and knowledge exchange. Through collaborative partnerships with institutions and researchers in resource-limited settings, we aim to empower local communities by providing training, mentorship, and support in research methodology, data analysis, and scientific communication. By equipping local scientists and healthcare professionals with the tools and skills needed to address pressing health challenges, we strive to foster sustainable solutions and promote self-reliance.
Community Engagement
We recognize the importance of community engagement in driving meaningful change and ensuring the relevance and impact of our research efforts. Through participatory research approaches, we actively involve community members in the design, implementation, and evaluation of our projects, thereby ensuring that interventions are culturally appropriate, acceptable, and effective. By partnering with local stakeholders, advocacy groups, and policymakers, we aim to amplify the voices of those most affected by health disparities and advocate for policies and programs that promote health equity and social justice.
Policy Advocacy
Our laboratory is committed to advocating for evidence-based policies and interventions that address the underlying determinants of health and promote equitable access to healthcare services. By leveraging our research findings and expertise, we engage with policymakers, government agencies, and international organizations to influence policy decisions, mobilize resources, and prioritize investments in global health research and development. Through advocacy efforts, we strive to create an enabling environment for scientific innovation, collaboration, and impact.
Impact Assessment
We believe in the importance of rigorously assessing the impact of our research and interventions to ensure accountability, transparency, and continuous learning. Through monitoring and evaluation activities, we measure the effectiveness, scalability, and sustainability of our programs and interventions, identify areas for improvement, and share lessons learned with the broader global health community. By promoting a culture of evidence-based decision-making and learning, we aim to maximize our impact and contribute to positive health outcomes for all.
Join Us in Our Mission
We invite researchers, healthcare professionals, policymakers, advocates, and community members to join us in our mission to advance global health equity and improve health outcomes for all. Together, we can harness the power of science, collaboration, and innovation to create a healthier, more equitable world for future generations.
Research
Welcome to the forefront of biomedical research at our laboratory, where we delve into the intricate relationship between malaria, sickle cell disease (SCD), and hemoglobinopathies. Through cutting-edge studies, we aim to understand how genetic polymorphisms influence the severity of malaria in Ghanaian populations. Our project objectives revolve around unraveling the role of key genetic variants, such as HO-1, CXCL10/CXCR3, and STAT1/STAT3, in mediating host protection against severe Plasmodium infection. We employ advanced genomic and proteomic methods to identify biomarkers associated with malaria severity and investigate human copy number polymorphisms associated with severe malaria anemia. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic potential of microRNAs, specifically miR-451a and let-7i-5p, in modulating heme-induced inflammation, a common pathway in hemolytic disorders like malaria and SCD. By leveraging innovative techniques such as liposome-mediated delivery of miRNAs, we aim to mitigate heme-induced inflammation and pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions. Through our collaborative efforts and dedication to global health equity, we strive to make meaningful contributions to the understanding and management of hemoglobinopathies and malaria, ultimately improving health outcomes for vulnerable populations worldwide.
1. miRNA Therapeutic Research: Our laboratory is dedicated to investigating the therapeutic potential of microRNAs (miRNAs), specifically miR-451a and let-7i-5p, in managing heme-induced inflammation in hemolytic disorders like malaria and sickle cell disease (SCD). Through innovative approaches such as liposome-mediated delivery, we aim to develop novel interventions to mitigate inflammation and improve patient outcomes.
2. Biomarker Discoveries: We are actively involved in identifying and validating biomarkers associated with disease severity in malaria and hemoglobinopathies. By employing advanced genomic and proteomic methods, we seek to uncover molecular signatures that can predict disease progression and treatment response, ultimately facilitating personalized medicine approaches.
3. Exosomes and Microvesicles as Delivery Tools: Our research explores the use of extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes and microvesicles, as delivery vehicles for therapeutic molecules, including miRNAs. By harnessing the natural cargo-carrying capabilities of these vesicles, we aim to enhance the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents and optimize treatment efficacy while minimizing off-target effects.
4. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) and Organoids: We utilize induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a cutting-edge platform for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative therapeutics. By generating patient-specific iPSCs, we can recapitulate disease phenotypes in vitro and study the underlying mechanisms of hemolytic disorders, paving the way for the development of novel therapies.
5. Global Health Initiatives: Our laboratory is committed to addressing global health disparities by conducting research that has direct relevance to low-resource settings, particularly in malaria-endemic regions. Through collaborative partnerships with international institutions and local communities, we aim to develop sustainable solutions to improve health outcomes and build research capacity in these regions.
6. Biorepository of Samples Collected: We maintain a comprehensive biorepository of clinical samples collected from diverse populations, including individuals with malaria, SCD, and other hemolytic disorders. These samples serve as valuable resources for conducting translational research, biomarker discovery, and validation studies, facilitating collaborative efforts and advancing scientific knowledge in the field.
People
Adel Driss, PhD, Principal Investigator. Dr. Adel Driss, PhD, is a distinguished scientist and educator with a rich academic background in biology and genetics from the Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunisia. Currently serving as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physiology at Morehouse School of Medicine (MSM) in Atlanta, GA, Dr. Driss brings a wealth of experience to our laboratory. His expertise spans various facets of biomedical research, including molecular mechanisms underlying malaria protection in sickle cell trait individuals and heme-induced inflammation. Dr. Driss has demonstrated exceptional leadership in project management, strategic collaborations, and mentorship, directing numerous PhD and master’s students and fostering international partnerships with institutions such as the University of Ghana and the Pasteur Institute of Tunis. As a Fogarty Global Health Fellow, he conducted groundbreaking research in Ghana, shedding light on molecular factors contributing to malaria severity disparities. Dr. Driss’s commitment to advancing public and global health is evident in his extensive work on disease pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, and community health promotion initiatives. With a strong foundation in research methodology, genetics, and parasitology, Dr. Driss is dedicated to addressing critical health challenges and improving outcomes for underserved populations worldwide.
Alaijah Bashi, PhD candidate. Alaijah Bashi, is a PhD and Master of Science in Clinical Research (MSCR) candidate at Morehouse School of Medicine. She showcases exemplary leadership and research skills in her pursuit of biomedical science. With a bachelor’s degree in Neuroscience from Michigan State University, she brings a diverse skill set to her current research on heme-induced inflammation in hemolytic disorders like malaria and sickle cell disease. Alaijah’s expertise in project management, research, and public speaking, complemented by her strong academic background, positions her as a valuable asset to her research team. Under the mentorship of Dr. Driss, she explores the potential of microRNA-loaded liposomes to mitigate inflammatory responses, offering promising therapeutic insights. Alaijah’s dedication to addressing global health challenges underscores her commitment to making meaningful contributions to biomedical research. Alaijah is a RISE and a CTSA-TL1 fellow. Bashi published 4 peer reviewed articles already, one of them being as a first author.
MiR-451a and let-7i-5p loaded extracellular vesicles attenuate heme-induced inflammation in hiPSC-derived endothelial cells. Thomas JJ, Harp KO, Bashi A, Hood JL, Botchway F, Wilson MD, Thompson WE, Stiles JK, Driss A. Front Immunol. 2022 Dec 22;13:1082414. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1082414. eCollection 2022. PMID: 36618355
MicroRNAs miR-451a and Let-7i-5p Profiles in Circulating Exosomes Vary among Individuals with Different Sickle Hemoglobin Genotypes and Malaria. Oxendine Harp K, Bashi A, Botchway F, Dei-Adomakoh Y, Iqbal SA, Wilson MD, Adjei AA, Stiles JK, Driss A. J Clin Med. 2022 Jan 19;11(3):500. doi: 10.3390/jcm11030500. PMID: 35159951
Sickle Cell Hemoglobin Genotypes Affect Malaria Parasite Growth and Correlate with Exosomal miR-451a and let-7i-5p Levels. Oxendine Harp K, Bashi A, Botchway F, Addo-Gyan D, Tetteh-Tsifoanya M, Lamptey A, Djameh G, Iqbal SA, Lekpor C, Banerjee S, Wilson MD, Dei-Adomakoh Y, Adjei AA, Stiles JK, Driss A. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Apr 19;24(8):7546. doi: 10.3390/ijms24087546. PMID: 37108709
Modulation of Heme-Induced Inflammation Using MicroRNA-Loaded Liposomes: Implications for Hemolytic Disorders Such as Malaria and Sickle Cell Disease. Bashi A, Lekpor C, Hood JL, Thompson WE, Stiles JK, Driss A. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Nov 29;24(23):16934. doi: 10.3390/ijms242316934. PMID: 38069257
Keri Oxendine Harp, PhD, MSCR: Keri Oxendine Harp, Ph.D., MSCR, currently serving as a Parasitologist at the CDC Foundation, is a dedicated researcher with a strong background in biomedical sciences. With a Ph.D. and MSCR from Morehouse School of Medicine and a Bachelor’s degree in Biology from Mars Hill University, Keri brings a wealth of knowledge and expertise to her role. Her research contributions, particularly in the field of malaria and sickle cell disease, are significant, as evidenced by her numerous publications in reputable journals. Keri’s skills in scientific communication, manuscript writing, and presentations have been instrumental in disseminating her research findings effectively. Her experience in clinical research coordination and laboratory experimentation further demonstrates her proficiency in executing complex research projects. Keri’s commitment to advancing public health through her work at the CDC Foundation underscores her passion for making meaningful contributions to global health initiatives.
Upon graduation and at the end of her training in Dr. Driss’ Lab, she published 8 peer reviewed articles, 3 of them as a first author.
Analysis of clinical presentation, hematological factors, self-reported bed net usage, and malaria burden in sickle cell disease patients. EClinicalMedicine. DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101045.
Elevated neuregulin-1β levels correlate with plasma biomarkers of cerebral injury and high stroke risk in children with sickle cell anemia. Endocrine and Metabolic Science. DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2021.100088
Hemoglobin genotypes modulate inflammatory response to Plasmodium infection. Frontiers in Immunology. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.593546.
MiR-451a and let-7i-5p loaded extracellular vesicles attenuate heme-induced inflammation in hiPSC-derived endothelial cells. Front Immunol. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1082414.
MicroRNAs miR-451a and let-7i-5p profiles in circulating exosomes vary among individuals with different sickle hemoglobin genotypes and malaria. J. Clin. Med. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030500.
Modelling heme-mediated brain injury associated with cerebral malaria in human brain cortical organoids. Scientific reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55631-8.
Join the Driss Lab! – we are actively recruiting for all positions
Graduate Students – Those interested in graduate school can apply to the Morehouse School of Medicine Graduate Education in Biomedical Sciences (https://www.umassmed.edu/gsbs/). We are currently accepting rotation students and full time grad students.
Postdoctoral Fellows
Join our vibrant research community at the Driss Lab! We’re on the lookout for passionate and skilled postdocs eager to delve into the intricacies of heme-induced inflammation in malaria and sickle cell disease. Proficiency in organoid generation, miRNA, exosomes, and expertise in molecular and immunology techniques are highly valued. If you’re ready to contribute to cutting-edge biomedical research and make a difference, apply now to embark on this exciting journey with us! In addition to laboratory activities, attendance at national/international conferences, contributions towards manuscript preparation and fellowship/grant writing is encouraged. A minimum time commitment of two years will be required. If interested, please send a cover letter and CV to Dr. Adel Driss at adriss [at] msm.edu.
Global health research projects are vital in addressing health disparities and improving health outcomes worldwide. I have firsthand experience managing budgets and projects in a global health setting as a project manager and team leader. In this article, I will share my experiences and provide tips on how to manage budgets and projects effectively.
As a Fogarty Global Health Fellow in rural Ghana, I worked on a five-year Global Health research project between Ghana and the US, studying the role of exosomal microRNA in malaria and sickle cell disease. This experience provided me with a wealth of knowledge and experience in public health and epidemiology, which can be applied to other global health issues such as endometriosis, Buruli ulcer, hookworms, and COVID-19.
Managing a global health research project involves a range of responsibilities, from securing funding to coordinating research activities, managing budgets, and leading a team of researchers. One of the biggest challenges in managing a global health research project is budget management. Budgets are often limited, and it can be challenging to manage funds effectively while ensuring that the project stays on track.
To manage budgets effectively, it is essential to have a clear understanding of the project’s goals, objectives, and timelines. This understanding can help project managers identify potential budget constraints and allocate resources accordingly. It is also important to establish a system for tracking expenses and to monitor the budget regularly to ensure that the project stays within budget.
In addition to budget management, managing a global health research project also involves coordinating research activities and leading a team of researchers. Effective communication is critical in this regard, and it is essential to establish clear lines of communication between team members and stakeholders. It is also important to establish clear roles and responsibilities for team members and to provide regular feedback to ensure that everyone is working towards the project’s goals and objectives.
In my experience, one of the most significant challenges in managing a global health research project is coordinating research activities across different countries and cultures. This challenge can be overcome by building strong relationships with local partners and stakeholders and by establishing a collaborative and inclusive research environment.
As a project manager and team leader, it is essential to be adaptable, flexible, and responsive to changing circumstances. In the context of global health research, this often means being prepared to respond to emerging health crises such as COVID-19. The pandemic has highlighted the importance of global health research and has underscored the need for collaboration and innovation in addressing global health challenges.
Managing a global health research project involves a range of responsibilities, from securing funding to coordinating research activities and managing budgets. To manage budgets effectively, it is essential to have a clear understanding of the project’s goals, objectives, and timelines and to establish clear lines of communication between team members and stakeholders. By working collaboratively and remaining adaptable and responsive to changing circumstances, we can make significant strides in improving global health outcomes and addressing health disparities worldwide.
The diseases:
Global health is a field that aims to improve health and achieve equity in health for all people worldwide. It involves addressing health issues that affect populations across borders and continents, and it requires collaboration between different countries and organizations. One of the main challenges in global health is tackling diseases that disproportionately affect vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries. I have been involved in these particular diseases over the last 10 years or research:
Malaria is a parasitic disease that is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. It is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, but it also affects other parts of the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were an estimated 229 million cases of malaria worldwide in 2019, and the disease resulted in 409,000 deaths. Malaria is preventable and treatable, but it remains a major public health challenge due to various factors such as resistance to antimalarial drugs and insecticides, inadequate funding, and weak health systems.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that affects the shape and function of red blood cells. It is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, but it also affects people of African descent and other populations around the world. SCD can cause severe pain, infections, and organ damage, and it can lead to premature death. According to the WHO, about 300,000 children are born with SCD each year, and the disease affects millions of people worldwide. There is currently no cure for SCD, but research is ongoing to improve treatment and find a cure.
Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, causing pain and other symptoms. It affects an estimated 176 million people worldwide, and it can have a significant impact on quality of life and fertility. Despite being a common condition, there is still a lack of awareness and understanding of endometriosis, and research is needed to improve diagnosis, treatment, and management.
Buruli ulcer is a neglected tropical disease caused by a bacterium that affects the skin and soft tissues. It is prevalent in West and Central Africa, but it also affects other parts of the world. Buruli ulcer can cause disfigurement, disability, and social stigma, and it can have a significant impact on the lives of affected individuals and their families. There is currently no vaccine for Buruli ulcer, and research is needed to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Hookworms are parasitic worms that live in the small intestine and can cause anemia, malnutrition, and impaired cognitive development in children. They are prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, and they affect millions of people worldwide. Hookworms can be prevented through measures such as improved sanitation and hygiene, but research is needed to develop effective and affordable treatments.
COVID-19 is a respiratory illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that emerged in late 2019 and has since become a global pandemic. COVID-19 has had a significant impact on public health, economies, and social systems around the world, and it has exposed inequalities and vulnerabilities in health systems and societies. Research is crucial to better understand the virus, develop effective treatments and vaccines, and address the social and economic impacts of the pandemic.
Global health research plays a critical role in addressing the challenges posed by diseases such as Malaria, sickle cell disease, endometriosis, Buruli ulcer, hookworms, and COVID-19. By investing in research, we can improve our understanding of these diseases, develop effective interventions, and ultimately improve health outcomes for vulnerable populations around the world.
Me, from Tunis, to Tokyo, to Accra, to Atlanta: A Career in Molecular Genetics and Global Health
My journey in molecular genetics and global health began in Tunisia, where I received my undergraduate degree in biological sciences. During my studies, I developed a keen interest in human genetics, and I pursued this passion by earning a Ph.D. in molecular genetics from the University of Tokyo.
After completing my doctoral studies, I had the opportunity to work on a human genetic epidemiology study of muscular dystrophy, collaborating with research centers in Tunisia, Japan, and France. This research led to several publications in high impact factor journals and provided me with invaluable experience in conducting global health research.
Following this project, I moved to the United States and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at Emory University School of Medicine, where I studied cancer and cell-cell interactions. In 2007, I joined Morehouse School of Medicine for a second postdoctoral position, where I focused on the epidemiology of malaria resistance and sickle cell disease, along with other neglected tropical diseases. This research eventually led to me being awarded a Fogarty Global Health Fellowship in 2014.
Through the fellowship, I collaborated with the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research at the University of Ghana on an epidemiological analysis of malaria resistance and sickle cell disease. The experience was transformative, and I became dedicated to improving health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries.
In 2016, I was awarded a Career Development Grant from the National Institute of Health’s Fogarty International Center for a five-year global health research project between Ghana and the US. The project aims to study the role of exosomal microRNA in malaria and sickle cell disease, and I am currently overseeing its execution as an Assistant Professor at Morehouse School of Medicine’s Physiology Department.
My current role has three primary components. The first is a global public health component, which involves managing a collaboration with the University of Ghana and the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital to establish a cohort sample and data collection program from patients with malaria and sickle cell disease, as well as controls. I have been living between Ghana and the US since 2014, overseeing the project, which has already collected well over a thousand samples.
The second component of my role focuses on basic research, studying the effects of targeted microRNAs on inflammation and angiogenesis in patients with endometriosis and uterine fibroids. I also focus on identifying molecular mechanisms that mediate interactions between hemoglobinopathies and protection against malaria using genomic technologies. I supervise and mentor a team of graduate students and research associates on different projects and write grant proposals, while overseeing international collaborations.
The third component of my role is teaching and mentoring. I teach graduate and medical students courses that include Biochemistry, Protein biosynthesis, Human Genetics, Malaria Genomics, and Skeletal Muscle Physiology. I also serve as a thesis advisor and mentor for different grad students in Public Health and Biomedical Science.
My career in molecular genetics and global health has taken me from Tunisia to Tokyo to Accra to Atlanta. My education, certifications, and experiences have allowed me to conduct research on different diseases, and to teach and mentor the next generation of global health researchers. Through my work, I hope to contribute to the development of new therapies and interventions that improve health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries.
Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus grows outside of it, causing inflammation, pain, and infertility. It affects millions of women worldwide, and current treatments are limited in their effectiveness and often associated with significant side effects.
In recent years, there has been growing interest in the potential of exosomes, small vesicles secreted by cells, as a novel therapeutic approach for endometriosis. Exosomes contain a variety of molecules, including microRNAs, which can be taken up by target cells and modulate their functions.
As a researcher in molecular genetics and global health, I have been investigating the effects of targeted exosomal microRNAs on angiogenesis and apoptosis in endometriosis. Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel formation, which is necessary for the growth and survival of endometriotic tissue. Apoptosis, on the other hand, is a programmed cell death process that eliminates damaged or unwanted cells.
Our research has focused on identifying specific microRNAs that are dysregulated in endometriotic lesions compared to normal endometrial tissue. Using cell-based assays and animal models, we have shown that targeted delivery of certain microRNAs can inhibit angiogenesis and promote apoptosis in endometriotic cells, leading to a reduction in lesion growth and pain.
This research has significant implications for the development of new treatments for endometriosis. Traditional treatments, such as hormonal therapy and surgery, can have significant side effects and are not always effective in managing the symptoms of the disease. Targeted delivery of exosomal microRNAs could provide a more precise and effective approach to treating endometriosis, with fewer side effects.
Furthermore, our research has broader implications for the field of exosome-based therapeutics. Exosomes are increasingly recognized as important mediators of cell-cell communication, and their potential as therapeutic agents is being explored for a range of conditions, from cancer to infectious diseases. By investigating the mechanisms by which exosomal microRNAs can modulate angiogenesis and apoptosis in endometriosis, we are contributing to a growing body of knowledge on the therapeutic potential of exosomes.
In conclusion, our research on the effects of targeted exosomal microRNAs on angiogenesis and apoptosis in endometriosis has significant implications for the development of new treatments for this condition. By investigating the potential of exosome-based therapeutics, we are contributing to a growing field with broad applications in woman’s health.
Malaria and sickle cell disease (SCD) are two diseases that disproportionately affect populations in low- and middle-income countries. Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite and is transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito, while SCD is an inherited blood disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells. While significant progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of these diseases, there is still much to be done to improve outcomes for patients. One promising area of research is the identification and validation of biomarkers for malaria and SCD severity.
Biomarkers are measurable indicators of a biological process, such as a disease. They can be used to diagnose disease, monitor disease progression, and predict treatment response. In the case of malaria and SCD, biomarkers could be used to identify patients who are at risk of developing severe disease and to monitor their response to treatment. This would allow healthcare providers to intervene early, potentially preventing complications and improving outcomes.
My research focuses on identifying and validating biomarkers for malaria and SCD severity. In the case of malaria, we are interested in identifying biomarkers that can predict the development of severe disease, such as cerebral malaria or severe anemia. These complications can be life-threatening, and early identification of patients at risk could allow for earlier intervention and improved outcomes.
Similarly, in the case of SCD, we are interested in identifying biomarkers that can predict the development of complications such as stroke or acute chest syndrome. These complications can also be life-threatening and identifying patients at risk could allow for earlier intervention and improved outcomes.
Identifying and validating biomarkers is a complex process that involves both laboratory and clinical research. In the laboratory, we use techniques such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to identify potential biomarkers. We then validate these biomarkers in clinical studies, using patient samples to confirm their predictive value.
The importance of this research cannot be overstated. Malaria and SCD are major public health challenges that affect millions of people worldwide. Identifying and validating biomarkers for disease severity could have a significant impact on patient outcomes, by allowing for earlier intervention and more targeted treatment.
In addition to the potential impact on patient outcomes, identifying biomarkers could also have implications for drug development. By identifying biomarkers that are associated with disease severity, we may be able to identify new drug targets and develop more effective treatments.
In conclusion, identifying and validating biomarkers for malaria and SCD severity is an important area of research with the potential to improve patient outcomes and advance drug development. By working together to identify and validate these biomarkers, we can make significant progress in the fight against these diseases.
In today’s interconnected world, health disparities and humanitarian crises have far-reaching consequences that transcend national borders. As such, it is imperative that individuals, communities, and organizations work collaboratively to address these challenges. This is where global health and humanitarianism come into play. Global health is a field that aims to improve health and achieve equity in health for all people worldwide, while humanitarianism focuses on providing assistance to those affected by crisis and conflict. Together, these fields can make a significant impact on health disparities and humanitarian crises.
As someone who is passionate about global health and humanitarianism, I recently completed a certificate in global health and humanitarianism. This certificate program equipped me with the knowledge and skills necessary to approach global health and humanitarian issues from a multidisciplinary perspective. Through this program, I learned about the social determinants of health, the impact of cultural and political factors on healthcare delivery, and the various approaches to addressing global health challenges.
Moreover, the certificate program emphasized the importance of collaboration in global health and humanitarianism. Collaboration is key to addressing complex issues such as health disparities and humanitarian crises. By working together, individuals, communities, and organizations can leverage their resources and expertise to achieve greater impact. Collaboration also promotes cultural sensitivity, fosters mutual learning and understanding, and promotes sustainability in global health and humanitarian efforts.
The importance of collaboration in global health is evident in many initiatives and programs that have made significant progress in reducing health disparities. One such program is the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, which involves collaboration between the World Health Organization, UNICEF, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, among others. The program has made remarkable progress in eradicating polio, with cases declining by over 99% since 1988.
Another example is the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), which brings together various UN agencies, governments, and civil society organizations to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic. UNAIDS has made significant progress in reducing new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths, but much work remains to be done.
Collaboration also plays a vital role in humanitarian efforts. In humanitarian crises, multiple actors such as governments, NGOs, and international organizations must work together to provide lifesaving assistance to those affected. Collaboration can also help ensure that humanitarian aid is delivered in a culturally sensitive and sustainable manner.
In conclusion, global health and humanitarianism are critical fields that require collaboration to address health disparities and humanitarian crises effectively. My certificate in global health and humanitarianism has equipped me with the knowledge and skills necessary to approach these issues from a multidisciplinary perspective, and has emphasized the importance of collaboration in achieving impact. By working together, we can make a significant difference in improving health outcomes and promoting the well-being of all people, regardless of their background or circumstance.
Emerging and diverse scientists face many challenges as they navigate their way through academia. From the pressure to produce impactful research to the need for robust mentoring relationships, it can be difficult to know where to focus one’s energies. That is where LEADS (Leadership Excellence and Academic Development for Success) comes in. This program, sponsored by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH grant R25 GM116740) and developed by the Institute for Medical Research Education at the University of Pittsbergh, provides early career scientists from Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs) with the tools they need to succeed in academia.
One of the most critical components of LEADS is the Maximizing Mentoring module. Mentoring is critical for career success, yet many early career faculty struggle to develop robust mentoring relationships. In this module, participants identify the areas of expertise and qualities of their ideal mentor. They then identify a mentor or team of mentors using a combination of strategies and resources, including the National Research Mentoring Network, NIH RePORTER, and the broader RCMI community. They also learn how to contact potential mentors and manage mentoring relationships.
In my experience, mentoring is not just about imparting knowledge and wisdom. It is also about listening, providing support, and helping individuals achieve their goals. As a mentor, I have helped diverse scientists succeed in many ways. For example, I have provided advice on how to develop a research question, secure funding, and write grant applications. I have also provided emotional support during difficult times and helped individuals navigate the complex landscape of academia.
Another critical component of LEADS is the Introduction to Team Science module. In this module, participants learn the basics of team science and how to bring together the right mix of collaborators to enhance the success and impact of their research. Assembling the right team and reaping the full benefits of working with a team requires active planning and mindful management. We also review best practices for building and maintaining positive and productive working relationships with diverse collaborators from different disciplines, professions, and social backgrounds.
In my experience, team science is all about collaboration, communication, and respect. It is essential to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each team member and leverage those strengths to achieve common goals. Additionally, communication is critical to ensure that all team members are on the same page and working towards the same objectives. Finally, respect for different backgrounds and perspectives is essential to build a positive and productive working relationship.
LEADS has been a transformative program for me, and I would highly recommend it to any emerging and diverse scientists looking to develop their leadership and mentoring skills. Whether you are just starting your career or are a seasoned academic, LEADS provides a wealth of resources and knowledge to help you succeed.
As a dedicated and accomplished researcher, I have made significant contributions to multiple fields of study throughout my career. During my doctoral work, I focused on investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying muscular dystrophy. Through my research, I discovered novel biomarkers and targets for the disease, leading to a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis.
In my postdoctoral work, I transitioned to cancer research, where I made significant strides in identifying new therapeutic targets and developing innovative treatments. I conducted pioneering work on exosomal microRNA as potential biomarkers for early detection and prognostication of cancer, as well as their use in targeted drug delivery.
In recent years, I have extended my research to the field of global health, focusing on sickle cell disease and malaria. I have worked tirelessly to identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for these debilitating diseases, leveraging cutting-edge technologies such as organoids and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to gain new insights into disease pathogenesis.
My contributions to the field of woman’s health are also noteworthy. I have established tissue banks for women’s health centers and made significant progress towards developing new therapies for a range of gynecologic conditions.
My extensive experience in these fields has led to numerous publications in top-tier journals, including Nature Communications, Molecular Neurobiology, and Neuroscience Letters, among others. My most recent work has focused on the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for a range of diseases, utilizing innovative technologies and techniques to advance our understanding of these complex conditions.
Overall, my research has made a significant contribution to the fields of muscular dystrophy, cancer, sickle cell disease, malaria, global health, and woman’s health. I am committed to continuing to pursue cutting-edge research that will benefit patients worldwide and improve public health outcomes.
1. How did you get interested in science and research?
Science has always been my passion since I was a child. My parents used to receive a magazine called science & life, which I devoured every time. My brother and I always did those kitchen science experiments and we were always very curious about things. It was my second grade teacher who helped me develop that passion. She taught us a lot about ecology and the natural world as well as the protection of the environment. High school is where I discovered my passion for molecular biology and genetics. In Biology class, I learned about plasmid constructs that give resistance to antibiotics, and I thought, “Yes, this is exactly what I want to learn.”
2. What attracted you to the field in which you’re currently working?
I graduated from the Faculty of Science of Tunis (Tunisia) with a bachelor’s degree in Natural Science. Due to my interest in research and genetics, I chose to do a master’s program in Genetics and Molecular Biology at the National Institute of Neurology of Tunis. In my research, I looked at a particular form of Muscular Dystrophy, Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD). For this study, I used genetic linkage analysis on DNA samples from patients and their family members to exclude all known genetic LGMDs. After getting a Masters of Science, I started a PhD program, in collaboration with the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (France) and the National Institute of Neurosciences in Tokyo (Japan). The genetic study identified for the first time a mutation in the Fukutin Related Protein (FKRP) gene that causes LGMD2I on chromosome 19q13.3.
My PhD led me to a postdoctoral fellowship at Emory University (Atlanta, GA). I mostly worked on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as well as colon and breast cancer. My second postdoctoral fellowship was at Morehouse School of Medicine (MSM, Atlanta, GA) studying patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). My interest in hemoglobinopathies shifted to studying how host genetic polymorphisms affect infectious diseases like Plasmodium malaria parasite pathogenesis.
In summary, my research interests have changed quite a bit throughout my career, but I’ve stayed focused on the genetic diversity between diseases.
3. What schools did you attend on your way to becoming a professional scientist?
Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (Tunisia): BS in Natural Sciences, MS in Genetics and Molecular Biology, PhD in Biology.
National Institute of Neurology of Tunis, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (France) and the National Institute of Neurosciences in Tokyo (Japan): practical for MS and PhD.
4. Did you do a post-doctoral fellowship? If so, where and what was that like?
Emory University School of Medicine: 1st postdoc
MSM: 2nd Postdoc.
University of Ghana: Fogarty Global Health Fellowship.
It was a long and bumpy ride. Everything depends on the PI. Postdocs are temporary jobs that aren’t secure. You need a PI who will be a mentor, not just your boss.
5. Were there any particular strengths and weaknesses at your training institutions that you remember?
Having a reliable mentor is a strength as a postdoc. Funding and job stability are always the biggest weaknesses in this field.
6. What do you consider to be the most important question your research is trying to answer?
How do extracellular vesicle-associated microRNAs play a role in hemolytic anemia disorders (like malaria and sickle cell)? These studies will help develop new microRNA biomarkers for chronic inflammation of sickle cell disease and malaria therapeutic targets.
7. What methods are you currently using to answer that question?
We are using specific microRNAs encapsulated into extracellular Vesicules (EVs) to characterise the role and the effects on malaria parasites in vitro (On cells and parasites cultures) and in vivo (on mice).
8. In your work do you collaborate with other scientists-at MSM?-at other institutions?
This isn’t something we can do alone. We need to collaborate with other researchers, hospitals, doctors, community organizers, local, regional, national and international institutions…
9. How many papers did you publish last year? How does this number relate to the type of work you do? How do you balance number and quality of your publications?
In the last year I have published 5 full research articles published in high impact factor peer reviewed journals, 2 as a last and corresponding author, one as a second author and two as a co-author.
It’s an exciting number because it’s outstanding.
Journal impact factors (IF) determine the quality of publications. IF here varies from 2.6 to 12.07
10. What are your major sources of funding for your research?
Major funding comes from the NIH.
11. How much research funding do you currently have? When does your current funding end?
Every year is a new year.
12. How many graduate students do you currently have and how many have you had in the past? What kind of publication record have students had while under your direction? What do you think are key factors in students having the opportunity to publish their work while in training?
I have one graduate student under my direction and I’ve had one before. My former graduate student graduated with 3 first author papers and 3 co-authored papers. Now she’s working on another 1st author article, based on her research results she did while under my mentorship.
The key is to stay on track, follow your mentor’s instructions, work hard and with enthusiasm, and never give up.
13. If you’ve had students who have graduated, what are they doing now?
She is working as a parasitologist at the CDC.
14. Have any of your previous students received outside fellowship funding for their work – if so, from what sources? Are you willing to help new students obtain that kind of funding?
She obtained 2 times the TL1 fellowship from the CTSA. My current student received the RISE fellowship from MSM and will also apply for the TL1 fellowship.
15. Who do you consider your most important mentors in your development as a professional scientist? What key take-home messages did you learn from them?
Dr. Stiles played a huge role in my career development. His advice helped me get funding to pursue my career in this field. The key take-home message is: work hard, don’t rely on anyone but your hard work, and follow the advice of a good mentor when it comes to your career.
16. What characteristics do you think contribute to being a good mentor?
You need a mentor who’ll help you grow in your career. Good communication and chemistry are key.
17. What characteristics do you think contribute to being a good graduate student?
Our most recent article has just been published. We are always on the quest for global health and biomedical research. I began collecting samples in Ghana in 2014, as I mentioned in my first post on this blog. Contributing to science and patient health at this level is so rewarding. This article is dedicated to the volunteers, both patients and healthy, who agreed to take part in this study. I applaud their bravery. Also, I want to thank the Ghanaian people in general, since nothing would have been accomplished if it weren’t for their good will and spirit. I would like to thank the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, the University of Ghana, the Korle-Bu teaching hospital, and the Dodowa Regional hospital in Ghana, as well as the National Institutes of Health’s Fogarty International Center and Morehouse School of Medicine.
